The Catholic
COUNTER-REFORMATION
IN THE XXth CENTURY

No 313

Online edition of selected articles

OCTOBER 1998

 

A MOTU PROPRIO TO RESCUE ALL

An invincible canonical device against every heresy and apostasy

On the 9th May of this year we made our devout pilgrimage to the Holy Shroud of Turin; on the 18th of that same month John Paul II signed the motu proprio "Ad tuendam fidem" before himself visiting Turin on the 24th; and then, precisely at midday on the 29th, my libellus initiating the process against the sanctions of the Bishop of Troyes was received by the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura – within the time required, sine qua non.

Several months ago any attempt at establishing a connection between these various events would have been artificial and pretentious. But today our thoughts often go back to that month of May, the month of Mary, in an act of thanksgiving: not only because those months will turn out to be the most important for us in this year of 1998, but also because it is there that we see coming together all the elements that assure us of beholding the triumph of the counter-reformation and the dawn of the renaissance of the Church, whereas elsewhere the darkest clouds continue to accumulate on the horizon.

Indeed, the plans for the Great Jubilee of the year 200 are taking shape. Admittedly its general features were established in 1994 by the Apostolic Letter Tertio millennio adveniente, but that document passed almost unnoticed at the time, lost amidst all the other pontifical theories and plans, each vying to be more utopian than the other. But today, we are no longer faced with vague desires, but facts and realities, and without a doubt the Pope will stick to them. The calendar is quite precise: from 24 to 28 October 1999 an interreligious gathering will take place in Rome, similar to the one called by the Pope at Assisi in October 1986; then on 8 March 2000, Ash Wednesday, a ceremony of "begging for forgiveness" is planned, and a statement of "repentance" will be published, which will almost certainly contain an express reference to the crimes of the Inquisition… the Catholic Inquisition.

A SUPERNATURAL EVENT

It was in this troubled context that John Paul II published at the end of June an Apostolic Letter, given motu proprio and addressed to the whole Church. We immediately procured this document from Rome itself, so that we could make it known to our readers in the July-August edition of the CRC. It dealt with the three teaching categories of the Catholic Magisterium contained in the Profession of Faith, which the Church requires to be taken by theologians and those members of the faithful involved in the works of the Church. Without more ado, we accompanied this difficult text with our own profession of faith, one that was wholly impregnated with the spirit of this new law: ad tuendam fidem, to protect the faith. It was simply a way of translating into more mystical terms what we already thought we could see just below the surface of these juridical texts.

Next month:

THE ENCYCLICAL FIDES ET RATIO,
DETAILED COMMENTARY AND
LEGITIMATE INTERPRETATION

As the motu proprio Ad tuendam fidem has recently reminded us, each document of the Magisterium has its own proper theological note. The latest of these, the Encyclical Fides et ratio, does not come under the domain of infallibility, but – like most of the encyclicals of John Paul II – it introduces significant novelties that must be analysed without bias, as the CRC has always sought to do.

This time the Pope is striving to rehabilitate philosophy, something that underlies all civilisations and all religions. But which philosophy is he talking about? «What the Pope means by philosophy corresponds very little to what is practised today. Perhaps he is presenting the theologian with a philosophy that cannot be found.» (Yves Labbé, in La Croix, 7 November)

Does the Pope intend to remind us of true Christian philosophical principles or to sell us a new utopia at the service of religious syncretism for the year 2000? Discover the answer in the November edition.

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However, it was still necessary to interpret these texts, to pass them through the sieve of theology and canon law. And this is what we did in the CRC for last September. The result of this objective and impartial analysis gave us some cause to rejoice: the new legislation is coherent, well-founded, precise, and therefore effective against any dogmatic or moral disorder.

It only remained for us to point out certain ambiguous aspects of the text which require caution, since they could eventually – if taken together with the new postconciliar doctrinal tendencies such as episcopal collegiality – favour a machiavellian application of the law. However, the simple fact of unmasking the manoeuvre in advance should discourage any such intentional abuse, either in the Churches or in Rome itself.

So what is it that is so comforting and so weighty in this text? First of all, it should be said that, as a new canon inserted into the Code, it has the character of permanence; it cannot be neglected or forgotten about like so many other documents of these recent pontificates. It would even be very difficult for a future Pontiff to abrogate it, since he would have to provide very strong arguments were he minded to abolish and cast into oblivion the arguments which provide the motu proprio with its very title and its principal purpose: TO PROTECT THE FAITH! From now on this text is part of the Church’s law, and it does not matter who may invoke it, even if they do so against the authorities who fail to apply it.

It is also quite evident that the tone used by the Pope is one of command, a circumstance highly unusual in contemporary pontifical documents, which are normally overflowing with tolerance and irenic circumlocutions.

And this tone is used right from the outset: «To protect the faith of the Catholic Church against errors arising from certain members of the Christian faithful, especially from among those dedicated to the various disciplines of sacred theology…» The rest of the document is in the same vein, as cool and as threatening as the introduction, establishing sanctions against those who should infringe against its measures, prescribing the insertion of a new canon into both the Latin and Eastern Codes of Canon Law, and ordering that it should be published with immediate effect, «all things to the contrary notwithstanding». Should anyone dare disregard it, he would one day have to repent, either in this world or the next.

OUR ENTIRE, LONGSTANDING ACCORD

With joy we note how this law aids and defends our counter-reformation combat. Its contents perfectly coincide with what is at issue in our Roman process, which is summed up in the following passage taken from the hierarchical recourse we sent to Cardinal Ratzinger on 5 July 1997:

Reminder of the three degrees of
the ecclesiastical Magisterium

Here are the three juridical categories containing Catholic teachings such as they have been henceforth defined and classified by the Code of Canon Law. The changes introduced by the motu proprio "Ad tuendam fidem" have been emphasised in bold italics:

(1)  FIRST CATEGORY: DOGMAS

* to be believed (by divine and Catholic faith),
* proclaimed as divinely revealed,
* therefore: infallible

Can. 750 § 1. Those things are to be believed by divine and Catholic faith which are contained in the word of God as it has been written or handed down by tradition, that is, in the single deposit of faith entrusted to the Church, and which are at the same time proposed as divinely revealed either by the solemn Magisterium of the Church, or by its ordinary and universal Magisterium, which in fact is manifested by the common adherence of Christ’s faithful under the guidance of the sacred Magisterium. All are therefore bound to avoid any contrary doctrines.

(2)  SECOND CATEGORY: TRUTHS

* to be held definitively (by ecclesiastical faith),
* declared to be connected to Revelation,
* consequently: infallible

Can. 750 § 2. Furthermore, each and everything set forth definitively by the Magisterium of the Church regarding teaching on faith and morals must be firmly accepted and held; namely, those things required for the holy keeping and faithful exposition of the deposit of faith; therefore, anyone who rejects propositions which are to be held definitively sets himself against the teaching of the Catholic Church.

(3)  THIRD CATEGORY: PROPOSITIONS

* to be received with "religious submission" *
* even though uncertain and non-definitive,
* consequently: not infallible

Can. 752. While the assent of faith is not required, a religious submission of intellect and will is to be given to any doctrine which either the Supreme Pontiff or the College of Bishops, exercising their authentic magisterium, declare upon a matter of faith or morals, even though they do not intend to proclaim that doctrine by definitive act. Christ's faithful are therefore to ensure that they avoid whatever does not accord with that doctrine.

* In times past, they spoke a little more realistically of "pious assent".


And here are the canonical penalties – of varying severity according to the relevant category – provided for those who obstinately reject the doctrines stated above:

(1)  Can. 1364 § 1. An apostate from the faith, a heretic or a schismatic incurs a latae sententiae excommunication.

(2) - (3)  Can. 1371. The following are to be punished with a just penalty [ferendae sententiae]: 1. a person who, apart from the case mentioned in canon 1364 § 1, teaches a doctrine condemned by the Roman Pontiff, or by an Ecumenical Council, or obstinately rejects the teachings mentioned in canon 750 § 2 or in canon 752 [sic!] and, when warned by the Apostolic See or by the Ordinary, does not retract.

«Everything that the Acts of the contemporary Magisterium teach whilst referring explicitly and legitimately to the constant and universal Magisterium of the Church, and everything that they decide in a decisive manner without there being any need to have recourse to solemn definitions, will have our total support, yesterday, today, and tomorrow. What joy!

«As regards the doctrines that the Magisterium has declared or will declare in opposition to the Religion of yesterday, out of concern for modernity, for the cult of man, for ecumenism, or other novelties of this kind which do not spring from the deposit of the faith, we shall permit ourselves to manifest our sadness and our disagreement with them. We shall not condemn them however, since we do not have the power for this, but we shall continue to use all our resources to denounce them to the Authorities and to put the faithful on guard against what does not come from God but from men.»

In such cases, therefore, it is a matter of evaluating the authority and the value of each doctrine, and of sifting the wheat from the chaff in accordance with the rules of the Church.

Up to now the Code had only made a bipartite distinction between revealed infallible truths high up on their pedestal and all the rest lumped haphazardly together in a heterogeneous category. But with the motu proprio a decisive and salutary promotion has been established: definitive truths, connected to dogmas, have been released from this residual category and have acquired their own distinctive note of guaranteed certainty.

Henceforth the third category contains only the teachings of the so-called "authentic" magisterium, teachings that are non-definitive, amongst which lie the conciliar novelties. Thus "disqualified" and left exposed, these novelties will at last have to be examined one by one so that their many errors and horrors may be detected. They can then be cast out of the three honest categories of the Catholic faith. This final process of separating those novelties compatible with the Catholic faith from those which insolently contradict it, still remains to be carried out. For this task also the motu proprio could turn out to be a valuable instrument, since it securely identifies the list of doctrines that either belong to or are related to the deposit of the faith, and it is this which constitutes the yardstick against which all the novelties must be measured.

Once the Church has been liberated from the hotchpotch of damaging novelties today threatening her very existence, she will be able to recover and she will spring back to life again.

AND WHAT OF US, THE WRETCHED "REJECTS"?

The question we are asked is always the same : what can we do to promote this process, this doctrinal examination of the novelties, this salutary revision? Requests to the Holy Office, Letters to the Sovereign Pontiff, Letters to the Cardinals, approaches to our diocesan bishop, Books of accusation taken personally to Rome… everything has been tried, but nothing ever gives. It is as if we had come up against a Power that was both deaf and mute, obstinately refusing to question the conciliar gains, even though their fruits should prove disastrous in the eyes of all.

But patience… We are fully assured that Heaven will recompense our perseverance. Already, following the sanctions taken against me by the Bishop of Troyes last year, new proceedings have been initiated, and this time they are binding on the Roman authorities. On 29 May I registered my canonical process with the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura. In this I accuse the diocesan bishop and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, amongst other things, of misusing their power and denying me justice. It is now for the Tribunal to deal with this accusation in a legal process, and then to repair the moral and ecclesial damage occasioned, by instituting the doctrinal process that we have continually requested for thirty-three years.

THE REBIRTH OF THE COUNTER-REFORMATION

As the motu proprio was signed only a few days before we presented our recourse before the Signatura, but published several days after this, the two documents are clearly contemporary. Let us immediately raise an issue that needs to be clarified. What relationship is there between our process and the motu proprio? At first sight, none, and this is all to our credit.

The process before the Apostolic Signatura is an administrative, disciplinary act in which I request the annulment of the sanctions taken by the Bishop of Troyes in July last year, 1997, and which the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith confirmed last March, 1998.

The motu proprio, on the other hand, is a law of the universal Church with a scope that is evidently general and binding on all the Catholic faithful; it deals with the value of the Church’s magisterium and with certain doctrines that must be held definitively. It therefore concerns the doctrinal order rather than the disciplinary order.

We fully recognise this new category of definitive truths, to the extent that their connection with revealed and infallible dogmas has always been perceived by the ecclesiastical magisterium. Given the situation of our canonical process, it is very reassuring for us to have established our agreement on this point with certainty. It is the progressivists and the anarchists who should tremble, even if in practice it is highly unlikely that sanctions will be taken against them. So, should we liken this motu proprio to the Treaty of Versailles, about which Jacques Bainville said that it was «too strong with regard to what was weak in it, and too weak with regard to what was strong in it» ? Only the future will tell, but one may well be apprehensive…

For today the Pope wishes to halt the advance of all those who are overtaking him on his left, but he cannot do this as he lacks the appropriate instruments, thanks to the Council which disowned the Inquisition, the Index, and all condemnations and anathemas. So if he really wishes to put an end to this rebellion, the options are simple: either proceed to solemn ex cathedra judgements – which he does not yet seem disposed to do – or else act like Saint Pius X and all his holy predecessors by taking up the arms of ordinary canonical justice against the partisans of heresy, excommunicating them by name.

HOWEVER, WARE THE ADVERSARY’S MACHIAVELLIANISM

Now, should it ever transpire that this law were fallaciously cited to promote the conciliar novelties to the category of infallibility, this would constitute a violation of the very law itself. In other words, there would have to be a juridical defect somewhere, and so it would be possible and indeed legitimate for any member of the faithful to uncover this and to denounce it. The editorial for September’s CRC envisages this possibility in some detail, listing the conditions that would allow a doctrine to be promoted to the rank of a definitive teaching.

On the other hand, should Rome finally consent to address these doctrinal questions, these unending controversies surrounding the conciliar novelties, conscientiously, then the motu proprio could turn out to be the indispensable ad hoc tool to differentiate between the various doctrines, between the true and the false, the good and the bad, all of which have already been categorised by canon law.

SO HAS THE POPE "RETURNED" ?

In itself then this document acts as a sharp check, a reactionary measure. For us it is a visible sign of the assistance of the Holy Spirit to His Church. The Pope has acted as Pope and has introduced regulations into Canon Law that will be very useful in the future. But the future… «Sire, the future belongs to God.»

A good number of readers, not necessarily the most naïve of them, immediately took this news at face value and rejoiced to see the counter-reformation rapidly giving way to the Catholic renaissance, for good this time, in a climate of general amnesty.

It is here that a reading of volume IV of "Pour L’Église" becomes indispensable, especially for the younger generations. Alas, it is not yet available; our Brother Francis is working on it methodically, and its appearance should not be delayed much longer. But the more studious may already refer to the 1978 and 1979 volumes of the CRC collection or to the Liber accusationis II (1983); there they will discover the solution to this enigma of 1998, the probable solution for the year 2000.

What enigma? The mystery of the double face of our Pope John Paul II, capable on one hand of defending faith and morals against the extreme progressivists and on the other hand of sticking fully to his whole Jubilee 2000 programme and interreligious gatherings in the style of Assisi-1986.

Read the following bold analysis of the mind of the Pope as revealed in his very first speeches, and fear to see it verified in a simple cursory reading of his latest encyclical, Fides et ratio. I found it in The League section of the CRC for January 1979 [French edition only], several months after the election of the new pope:

«I think that it will be a long time before we will have to modify our view of HH John Paul II. We will not let ourselves be carried away with enthusiasm at the announcement of every firm recall to doctrine or discipline. Nor will we fall into despair when we hear him describe himself as the spiritual son of Paul VI or praise UNO or receive African terrorist leaders. No.

– Only the faith is essential, and in this we are 100% in union with him [the motu proprio].

– The conciliar reform and its expected renewal belongs to the domain of open questions, and in this we are only 50% behind him [our outstanding process].

– As for the rights of man and religious liberty [and its ecumenical gatherings], our support for these is 0%; we are in formal disagreement and we will not hide it.»

Twenty years later, we come across the following three paragraphs in the Pope’s homily this 18th October in Saint Peter’s: «After twenty years of service on the see of Peter, I cannot today help asking myself these questions:

– Have you supported all this? Have you been a diligent and vigilant steward of the faith within the Church?

– Have you sought to bring the great work of Vatican II closer to the men of today?

– Have you sought to respond to the expectations of the Church’s faithful and also to that hunger for truth which the world experiences, outside the Church? »

It is high time to give a fully truthful answer to these questions.

    



THE CATHOLIC RENAISSANCE IN CANADA      Number 61 – October 1998

OPPOSED TO ALL REBELLION, THE CRC
FINDS ITSELF SIDE BY SIDE WITH THE POPE

It was whilst he was staying with us that our Father began his analysis of John-Paul II’s recent motu proprio, "Ad tuendam fidem", which you can read in the CRC no 312 of the English edition for September. For the first time since the Council the Holy Father has formulated a major act of authority to defend the Catholic faith with accompanying canonical sanctions. After having recalled the classical distinction between the different degrees of teaching fixed by the Church, the Pope insists on the obligation of the faithful to hold as infallible truths those Catholic truths definitively proposed by the Church’s Magisterium, «that is to say those things that are required for the holy safe-keeping and faithful exposition of this same deposit of the faith». The explanatory Doctrinal Note gives precise examples of what is meant, including the doctrine of the exclusive reservation of priestly ordination to men. Apparently, it was the repeated negation of this truth, despite the call to order made by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in 1995, that decided the Pope to resume the tradition of doctrinal firmness inherent in the Church of Rome, Mother and Mistress of all the Churches.

This motu proprio has raised a general outcry in Europe: all the interested theologians or ecclesiastics have risen up against this return to the times of the Inquisition. Strangely enough the Church of Quebec has kept silent over this subject. Perhaps it is keeping its comments for its ad limina visit to Rome in April 1999, since the Bishops’ Assembly for Quebec has announced that, among other things, it intends to «inform the Holy See of how its documents have been received among us». In the past, Mgr Gaumond, like Cardinal Turcotte, had always publicly watered down the significance of Rome’s declarations barring women access to the priesthood. They remained convinced, so they said, that the day would come when what is forbidden today would be allowed. Since the publication of the motu proprio, such an attitude is liable to canonical sanctions.

Our Father has always said that as soon as the Pope wishes to defend the truth, he will find the CRC at his side. For «it is not the CRC that will save the Church, but the Church who will save herself and us with her». That is the situation today. Not only is there not a line of our doctrine in contradiction with the motu proprio, but a legal examination of this great text proves that the novelties proclaimed by Vatican II, which our Father has fought against ever since, are necessarily to be classified as non definitive acts of the authentic magisterium. On that score alone, they are fallible, and therefore null and void if proved to be erroneous.

We must not, however, go too fast! Although the Sovereign Pontiff has armed himself with the canonical means to put a stop to this destructive madness which has taken hold of the Church from the time the Popes refused to obey the demands of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, it is still necessary that he have the courage to go the whole way. For the moment, John Paul II does not dream of questioning the gains of Vatican II, even if the Church’s law rigorously prevents them from being declared as definitive truths. To be convinced of this, one only has to read the programme of festivities planned for the third millennium in Rome!

However, the rebellion of those now threatened with sanctions highlights the logical connection between the errors with which the Pope reproaches them and the constituent principles of his own philosophical and theological system – referred to our Father as the Wojtylian gnosis – which he does not dream of reconsidering. The condemnation of the former should logically entail that of the latter. Will John Paul II have the courage to go all the way, ad tuendam fidem, in order to protect the Faith? We must hope so. But this will not happen without a terrible interior struggle and without unleashing, on the outside, powers hostile to the Church.

We stand, therefore, on the eve of tragic times. On the 13th July 1917, at Fatima, Our Lady foretold: «The Holy Father will have much to suffer.» And little Jacinta saw «the Holy Father in a very large house, kneeling before a table, holding his head in his hands and weeping. Outside, there was a crowd of people and some were throwing stones at him; others were cursing and swearing at him».

Let us also re-read Don Bosco’s dream of 1873: «It was during a dark night: the people could no longer see which way to go in order to get home, when there appeared a splendid light in the sky, lighting up the travellers’ path as though it were midday.» Our Father explains that this represents the diabolical disorientation and the false light of the supposed Pentecost announced at the Council.

«And then was seen a host of men, women, children and old people, monks, religious and priests, and at their head the Sovereign Pontiff, coming out of the Vatican and lining up in processional order.» The whole Church, or very nearly all, followed the Pope in the Conciliar Reform, as he distanced himself from the traditional teaching of his predecessors.

«But now a violent storm arose, obscuring the light, and appearing to give rise to a battle between the light and the darkness. However, they arrived at a place strewn with the dead and the wounded; some of them were begging for help and all the while the ranks in the procession were thinning out. After having walked a distance corresponding to two hundred sunrises, they all became aware that they were no longer in Rome. They were panic stricken and pressed round the Pope to safeguard his person and to help him in his troubles.»

It is these feelings of panic which we observe in the multitude of the faithful who have always desired to follow the Pope and who, faced with the present disorders, still want to be ever more obedient to the Pope, refusing to utter the least criticism against him. Our Father has always taught us to respect such an attitude, which is pleasing to God.

«At that moment, two angels appeared presenting the Pope with a standard and telling him: "Receive this banner from Him who is fighting and scattering the world’s most powerful armies. Your enemies have disappeared and your sons are begging you with tears and sighs to return!" On the standard was written: "Queen conceived without sin" and on the other side: "Help of Christians". The Pontiff took hold of the banner with joy, but on seeing the small number of those who had stayed at his side, he became very sad. The two angels added: "Go quickly and console your sons. Write to your brothers scattered throughout the world that a reform of morals is necessary. That can only be obtained by distributing the bread of the divine Word. Catechise the children; preach detachment from the things of this world! (…)" Having heard this, the Pope set off and the ranks in the procession began to swell.»

The end is quite wonderful and surpasses whatever we could imagine by way of the Catholic Renaissance. You can read all this in the CRC for December 1993. Could it be today that we have reached that point where everyone notices that he is no longer in Rome? It is our joy to be of that small number to have remained faithful and to find ourselves at the Pope’s side in this confrontation, which will liberate the Church. And so, we fervently renew each day our act of consecration to the Immaculate Conception, Our Lady Help of Christians, that this fidelity may withstand the great confrontation which is coming. And let us pray with all our heart for the Holy Father who is the butt of this rebellion.

Brother Pierre de la Transfiguration      



The theological door bolted at the Vatican

After a short decade of relative calm, the Catholic Church has renewed her trench warfare with her theologians. With the publication of an apostolic letter entitled «To protect the faith», the Vatican has closed the debate by demanding absolute submission to the teachings of the Magisterium. The official doctrine on birth control, priestly celibacy, the priestly ordination of women or of married men brooks no further discussion. And recalcitrants will be punished.

Explanation of the text.

An analysis by Albert Longchamp

The Roman machinery for shackling theological thought has just been augmented by a new instrument. In the arsenal of sanctions provided for by the Code of Canon Law, the threat of "just penalties" has been reinforced. In particular, it targets anti-establishment or reckless theologians. The obsessive fear of modernism, with its succession of denunciations and sanctions, a painful memory from the reigns of Pius X and of Pius XII towards the end of his pontificate, has been brought back into service again. The outbreak of fever at the end of the 1980s, saw both German theologians and Cardinal Ratzinger mount the barricades: the former outraged by Roman supervision and the latter determined to silence liberation theology. All of that seemed to have died down.

Now, the axe has just fallen in the form of an administrative act, which, at first sight, looks painless. According to the motu proprio, signed by John Paul II on the 18th May 1998 – Pentecost Day – and published on Tuesday the 30th June, a new paragraph has been added to article 750 of the Code of Canon Law. Its terms are stated in two phrases: «Each and everything set forth definitively by the Magisterium of the Church regarding teaching on faith and morals must be firmly accepted and held; namely, those things required for the holy keeping and faithful exposition of the deposit of faith; therefore, anyone who rejects propositions which are to be held definitively sets himself against the teaching of the Catholic Church.»

«Definitive» truths: the word is out and it is laden with consequences. For good measure, John Paul II’s text, entitled «Ad tuendam fidem» («To protect the faith»), now links article 1371 of the Code of Canon Law to article 750, completed by its new paragraph. One small useful detail; article 1371 provides for punishing «with just penalties» any person teaching a doctrine condemned by the supreme authority of the Roman Church, or persisting in disobedience.

Aggravating circumstances

Roman texts always pose a problem of interpretation and of reception. Some can be ignored without fear, others have to be given prudent consideration, and there are some that deserve respect. In the case in point, it is fear that predominates, for all the signals are flashing red. The motu proprio occupies the second rung on the scale of importance of pontifical acts, coming just after apostolic constitutions and before encyclicals. It can be a weapon to condemn schism or heresy. A weapon with a wide calibre bore, therefore. The document of 30 June is, in the hands of the Roman Pontiff, one that suffers no discussion or challenge. It is quite simply an act of the sovereign.

John Paul II dryly considers that, in the circumstances, it seemed «absolutely necessary» for him to add norms to the Code «to protect the law of the Catholic Church against errors arising from certain members of the Christian faithful, especially from among those dedicated to the various disciplines of sacred theology.» The new norms have been introduced into Canon Law, John Paul II insists, so that there may be «expressly imposed» on these theologians «the duty of observing the truth definitively proposed by the Church’s Magisterium, mention also being made of canonical sanctions in this area.» The nature of the sanctions is not specified, but one is left in no doubt. Criminal acts will entail penalties ranging gradually from a ban on teaching to a ban on celebrating the sacraments (if the guilty one is a priest). In case of stubborn persistence in sin, the penalty will be excommunication.

«Ad tuendam fidem» is delivered with directions for use signed by Joseph Ratzinger, Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and by Archbishop Tarcisio Bertone, his secretary. This «application decree» yields nothing over the severity of the base document. Under the falsely modest title of «Explanatory Note», the guardians of dogma comment on the oath which has been demanded, for about ten years, from all those, both men and women, who claim to exercise a teaching or governing function in the Church. Bishops, priests, deacons, committed lay people, and, of course, all teachers of theology, are supposed to pronounce in public this «Profession of faith» which has taken over from the antimodernist oath demanded of all aspirants to the priesthood since the crisis of 1907. The obligation to take that oath partially fell into disuse after Vatican II.

The order of truths contained in the «Creed», to which all Christians must adhere, is considered to be insufficient by Cardinal Ratzinger.

And so, a more complete formula is demanded of ecclesiastical personnel, at three levels. The first level expounds «revealed truths», in other words dogmas that are essential to Christianity (the Trinity, the Incarnation of Christ, the Resurrection, etc.) as well as doctrines concerning original sin, the sacraments… or papal infallibility. At the second level, the profession of faith requires the mention of truths «proposed definitively by the Church concerning teaching on faith and morals», and this is the case even if such truths are not presented «as formally revealed». It is at this level that everything goes wrong. For it is here that we find a demand for absolute «assent» to doctrines as disparate as the condemnation of prostitution, the forbidding of euthanasia or the reservation of priestly ordination to men!

In fact, this motu proprio of 30 June 1998 reveals itself to be a backhanded way of getting most of the teachings and prohibitions obstinately maintained by John Paul II accepted as quasi infallible. Even at the third level, when Ratzinger deals with truths that are «less certain», the Vatican claims to require from teachers a «religious submission of will and intellect».

John Paul II, like Pius XII, is ending his reign in a dramatic hardening of his thinking. Worse still, he is surrounded by a court determined to liquidate the principal gains of Vatican II. The vindictive tone of his motu proprio «To protect the faith», like that, dated the same day, of the long apostolic letter devoted to keeping the Sunday holy, already ignored by everyone, shows that John Paul II has lost touch with pastoral realities. More and more, we see the tragic misunderstanding of a pontificate that wants to make Christianity enter into the third millennium and yet refuses to enter into dialogue with modernity.  n

 


For the theologian Paul Tihon, the oath of fidelity is a real problem.

 

«TO PROTECT THE FAITH»

Rome: the screw tightens

Louis DUBOIS

In an apostolic declaration, the Pope has insisted on «holding firmly, with an oath of fidelity, those truths proposed by Rome as definitive». The ban on the ordination of women to the priesthood, for example. As though it were a matter of closing the debate «definitively»
.

L’Appel 211 - October 1998

On the eve of the holidays, 30 June 1998, the Vatican published a letter signed by the Pope. Its title is an entire programme: «To protect the faith». And the text spells out that it is «against errors (…) especially from among those dedicated to the various disciplines of sacred theology». To put it plainly: against the theologians.

Immediately, there is an almost universal outcry. There is talk of a contraction, of the end of a reign, of a bolting of doors, of getting in step, of the end of a holiday. «In order to understand, we need to recall the antecedents», says the Father Paul Tihon. A Jesuit and a theologian, professor at the international Lumen Vitae Institute, Paul Tihon is also president of the Belgian French-speaking section of the European Association of Catholic Theology.

Where is the urgency?

«It is simply a matter of integrating into Canon law – the Law of the Church – the consequences of a document which appeared eight or nine years ago, imposing an oath of fidelity. But this is the first time since 1917, since Canon law has existed, that a pope has thought it useful to take it upon himself to integrate a modification. It is natural, therefore, that canonists should express surprise and ask themselves where is the urgency.» If it is only a matter of legal texts, there is nothing there to worry the ordinary Christian… «But the problem arises from something much more important, continues Father Tihon. It is this aim to impose on the teacher, backed by an oath, more than a simple fidelity to revelation, something which goes without saying for one who claims to be Catholic. It also demands fidelity to all that is proposed as definitive by the Magisterium of the Church. All the same, notice that for revealed truths it says that they must be believed, whereas for what I would call Vatican doctrine, it says that we should welcome it and hold it firmly. A slight difference!

An exclusively male priesthood

In fact, the difficulty has mostly come from the commentary issued by Cardinal Ratzinger on the same day. This is because he has given examples of positions that must be held as definitive, among which are the invalidity of Anglican ordinations – and, as we know, this question is a subject of much debate among theologians – and also priestly ordination to be reserved exclusively to men. This is said to be the sensitive point that has prompted the decision to turn the screw a little tighter.

However, it needs to be known that the argument over the ordination of women has not convinced all that many people. And just because the Pope has declared it to be definitive clearly does not mean that things are not going to be changed one day or other. At the theology congress held at Nimègue at the end of August, I found myself next to a professor from northern Italy, with whom Cardinal Ratzinger had just spent his holidays. Quite recently, he asked him at table what is to be understood by "definitively". The Cardinal replied that it does not mean that one day another pope will not decide otherwise… And for Cardinal Danneels "definitive" is what has always been said up to the present…»

Clearly, two different languages are being used… Moreover, one may ask whether this declaration will not immediately fall into oblivion.

«In fact, adds Paul Tihon, the real problem is the oath of fidelity, imposed especially on teachers, even though it seems that in many places it will not be imposed. But in a university milieu, for a professor of Catholic theology to be regarded by his colleagues as someone who has had to take an oath saying that he holds a certain number of official statements, is as intolerable as for a Marxist scientist to have to maintain Marxist orthodoxy at the time when the official position on science had to be upheld. That is to disqualify Christian thought in the pluralist world in which we live.

Self-disqualification

«In fact, adds Paul Tihon, the real problem is the oath of fidelity, imposed especially on teachers, even though it seems that in many places it will not be imposed. But in a university milieu, for a professor of Catholic theology to be regarded by his colleagues as someone who has had to take an oath saying that he holds a certain number of official statements, is as intolerable as for a Marxist scientist to have to maintain Marxist orthodoxy at the time when the official position on science had to be upheld. That is to disqualify Christian thought in the pluralist world in which we live.

At the Nimègue congress, there was a proposition to make a declaration on the subject. Then it was decided that the presidency of the Association – which numbers a thousand theologians – should meet Cardinal Ratzinger for a thorough discussion. Better dialogue than confrontation.»  n


The above article sent to us by our friends from the Belgian circle needs no comment. Added to the preceding article from "Témoignage chrétien", it is sufficient indication of the extent of the revolt against all that closely or remotely resembles the Catholic religion of all time. The fact that an association, composed of roughly a thousand theologians, should rebel in this way against Catholic truths and dogmas is in itself quite alarming. But there is worse. The article shows quite clearly that Cardinal Ratzinger, the German theologian promoted prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, is regarded as an objective ally of these groups of theologians.

The CRC collection would not fail to enlighten us on this point. Whereupon we received a letter from a Canadian theologian, a regular correspondent of ours for some years. With his permission, we publish significant extracts from his letter, whilst preserving his anonymity, to which he is probably bound by his Superiors.



RATZINGER AGAINST RATZINGER

The apostolic letter "Ad tuendam fidem" and Cardinal Ratzinger
by a theologian

ratzingr.jpg (9584 bytes)

Pope John Paul II’s Apostolic Letter intended to "defend the faith", was accompanied by a "Doctrinal Note illustrating the conclusive formula of the Professio fidei", signed by Cardinal Ratzinger and by Mgr Bertone, Prefect and Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith respectively.

With regard to Cardinal Ratzinger, this "Doctrinal Note" raises a certain problem. It is difficult to reconcile the moral and legal demands of the Apostolic Letter with certain of Cardinal Ratzinger’s teachings, which are highly questionable and beyond the pale of the Church’s authentic doctrine!…

These teachings of the Cardinal are expounded in two volumes, each containing numerous errors as well as several heresies. They are the following volumes, published in 1985: The Christian Faith yesterday and today (CFYT) and The Principles of Catholic Theology (PCT). Since these two works have been made public and are accessible throughout the whole Catholic Church, any member of the faithful can read them and has the right, if not the duty, to declare them outside the bounds of the Church’s doctrinal orthodoxy!…

It is absolutely impossible to reconcile several of the teachings contained in these two volumes with the solemn commitment entailed by the Profession of faith, which has to be pronounced before assuming any clerical office, according to the provisions established by canon 833 for the different situations that can arise.

CARDINAL RATZINGER AND THE PROBLEM OF THE FAITH

The Profession of faith makes the person taking office say: «With a firm faith, I believe and profess each and every one of the truths contained in the Symbol of the Faith.» Further on, the Profession of faith adds: «With a firm faith, I also believe all the truths […] which the Church sets forth to be believed as divinely revealed […] I also firmly accept and hold each and every one of the truths definitively proposed by the Church regarding teaching on faith and morals […] Furthermore, I adhere, with a religious submission of will and intellect, to the doctrines that are expressed, either by the Roman Pontiff or by the College of bishops, in the exercise of their authentic Magisterium, even though they have no intention of proclaiming them by means of a definitive act.»

And the Oath of fidelity enjoins the following to be said: «In the fulfilment of the office entrusted to me in the name of the Church, I shall conserve the deposit of faith in its integrity. I shall transmit and explain it faithfully. I shall guard against all doctrines to the contrary.»

Furthermore, the doctrine of the Church states that the immediate object of the supernatural virtue of faith is the Word of God and that it is grounded on the authority of God. This virtue unites us personally to God, the Supreme Truth , and helps us to appreciate everything according to the divine light. Nevertheless, what Cardinal Ratzinger teaches on the faith is far from being in conformity with the authentic doctrine of the Church!…

In fact, on the subject of the faith, the Cardinal has written things that are "strange", to say the least!… Notably, he claims that «the faith, by its nature, is the institution of a communication with all the brothers of Jesus in the holy Church, where alone it can be received». He adds that it is impossible to «possess the faith independently of others» (PCT, p. 35). He goes even further in saying that «a faith that is not ecclesial does not exist» (PCT, p. 42). With ideas like that, how could Cardinal Ratzinger renew his Profession of faith and his Oath of fidelity?…

PONTIFICAL PRIMACY AND INFALLIBILITY

In his "Doctrinal Note" on the Apostolic Letter "Ad tuendam fidem", Cardinal Ratzinger draws attention, amongst the other articles of the Creed , to «the doctrine on the primacy and on the infallibility of the Roman Pontiff» (n. 11). Now, in his work entitled The Principles of Catholic Theology, the Cardinal maintains that the Church’s Magisterium receives no special assistance from the Holy Spirit, because the Holy Spirit acts through the community (p. 50). And he claims that the dogma of papal infallibility defined by the First Vatican Council will have to be revised. In fact, he states that «it is now much more correctly said that the work of the Magisterium is accomplished against the backdrop of the faith and through the prayer of the Church!» (PCT, p. 263). And so, the Magisterium becomes no more than the spokesman for the Church’s collective conscience!… (PCT, p. 109)

On the subject of pontifical primacy, the Cardinal again makes statements that are daring to say the least: «Rome should not demand of the East, on the subject of papal primacy, he writes, more than what was formulated and lived during the first millennium». And he indicates the concessions which he thinks both East and West should mutually concede, to conclude as follows: «Of course, such a mutual acceptance and recognition of a common catholicity that was never lost, is no easy affair. It is act of surpassing oneself, of self-renunciation, but precisely because of that, it is also an act of self-discovery»! (PCT, p. 221-222)

It would amount, therefore, to the Catholic Church "surpassing herself", "renouncing herself" in order to "rediscover herself"! But through surpassing and renouncing herself perhaps the Catholic Church will rediscover unity "in a catholicity that was never lost" !… With such ideas on the infallibility and primacy of the Roman Pontiff, one again wonders how the Cardinal can renew his Profession of faith and his Oath of fidelity…

ORIGINAL SIN

Dealing with the articles of faith in the Creed, Cardinal Ratzinger also picks out «the doctrine on the existence of original sin» (Doctrinal Note, n. 11). But, for him «the doctrine of original sin says nothing other than this: the history of man is the history of his alienation» (PCT, p. 177). But on this subject, he ventures into formal heresy: «Original sin, he writes, cannot be conceived as the product of generation» (PCT, p. 96). He makes a further absurd statement: «The essence (!…) of original sin consists in being divided up into individualities» (PCT, p. 51).

The dogmatic definitions of the Councils concerning original sin can be summed up as follows: through this sin, Adam lost both supernatural and preternatural gifts. This sin is transmitted to all his descendants and, contrary to what Cardinal Ratzinger says, it is transmitted to Adam’s descendants through generation, as defined by the Council of Trent: «If anyone states that Adam’s sin, which is unique in its origin and which, transmitted to all through hereditary propagation and not through imitation, is proper to each person, […] let him be anathema.» (canons on original sin, n. 3)

THE SACRAMENT OF BAPTISM

Among the articles of the Creed, the Cardinal also mentions «the doctrine of Christ’s institution of the sacraments and their efficacy in conferring grace» (Doctrinal Note, n. 11). And the Nicene-Constantinople Symbol, inserted at the beginning of the Profession of faith, acknowledges «one single baptism for the forgiveness of sins».

Now, on the subject of baptism, Cardinal Ratzinger has written a long chapter in his volume The Principles of Catholic Theology (p. 27-43). He explains that baptism is "the welcome by the community", which is purchased by "renunciation of the self" and of the "powers of egoism". And for him, the water is purely symbolic, whereas, according to Catholic doctrine, the water is the matter of the sacrament. As for the profession of faith, «it is indeed, says he, by its very nature, the institution of a communication with all the brothers of Jesus in the Holy Church» (p. 35). The profession of faith is therefore a symbolic communication aid and not an act of cognition. It is hard to believe, when reading such nonsense, that their author is charged with watching over doctrinal orthodoxy throughout the whole Church!…

According to the conciliar definitions, baptism is a true sacrament, administered by an ablution in natural water, whilst invoking the Most Holy Trinity. Its effect is the remission of original sin, of all personal sins and of all their penalties. It produces sanctifying grace in the soul; it incorporates the one baptised into the Mystical Body of Christ, the Church, and it imprints an indelible character on him.

THE RESURRECTION OF JESUS

The Nicene-Constantinople Symbol states that Christ «rose again on the third day according to the Scriptures». The explanation provided by Cardinal Ratzinger on the "resurrection" of Jesus is surprising, to say the least!…

In fact, according to him, Eros is supposedly stronger than death. «The confession of faith in the resurrection of Jesus Christ, he writes, is for Christians an expression of their certitude that this phrase is true, even though it might seem to be no more than a beautiful dream: "Love is stronger than death" (Sg 8.6). In the Old Testament, this affirmation figures in a hymn to the power of Eros.» (CFYT, p. 213) It would be more truthful to maintain that the Song of Songs, to which he alludes, presents us with a symbol of God’s sublime love for redeemed man and for the Church, spouse of His divine Son!….

THE BODILY ASCENSION OF JESUS

The Nicene-Constantinople Symbol states that Christ «ascended into Heaven, [that] He is seated at the right hand of the Father». Faith in the bodily Ascension of the risen Jesus in the presence of His disciples is a fundamental element of the Catholic faith.

Now, this is how Cardinal Ratzinger explains it: «To speak of an Ascension into heaven or of a descent into hell is a reflection, in the eyes of our generation awakened by Bultmann’s criticism, of this three tiered image which we call mythical and consider to be definitely outdated. […] It has certainly provided the images which the faith has used to present these mysteries.» (CFYT, p. 221) So, the Ascension is reduced to an "image", with no meaning for our times; it would best be forgotten by the faithful and suppressed from the Church’s liturgy. Thus the event of the Ascension supposedly has no physical, objective, historical reality!…

THE DESCENT INTO HELL

The Apostles’ Symbol states that, after His death, Christ «descended into hell». The "descent of Jesus into hell" after His death is explained by Cardinal Ratzinger thus: «This article of the faith of the descent into hell states that Christ has crossed the threshold of our ultimate solitude, that he has entered, through his Passion, into the abyss of our dereliction. There where no word could ever more reach us, he is to be found. And so hell is overcome, or more exactly death, which was hell before, no longer is. The two are no longer identical, because in the midst of death there is life, because love dwells in the midst of death. Henceforth hell is simply the act of withdrawing into oneself.» (CFYT, p. 213) How can one recognise the authentic doctrine of the Church in these hazy words?…

THE HOLINESS OF THE CHURCH

The Nicene Constantinople Symbol states that the Church is «one, holy, catholic and apostolic». On the subject of the Church’s holiness, Cardinal Ratzinger has some quite peculiar insights. «The centuries of the Church’s history, he writes, are so full of human failings […] that we can well conceive William of Auvergne, Bishop of Paris (13th century), having spoken these terrible words: "at the sight of the Church’s depravity, every man should freeze with horror. It is no longer a spouse, but a frightening monster, deformed and savage." » (CFYT, p. 244) In a footnote at the bottom of the page, the Cardinal refers to an article by H. Urs von Balthasar, entitled Casta meretrix, in English: "Chaste whore"!… Is not that to disparage the Church in a way that is wholly disrespectful?…

No doubt, the Church comprises many sinners and, even among the just, there are shady corners to be found, at different degrees, which have to be dispelled by the light of Christ. And so, the just and the sinners are in the Church only through what is holy in them, in their being, in their heart, in their behaviour. Nevertheless, the Church remains holy, for the principle of her holiness is the Most Holy Trinity, Christ and the Holy Spirit working within her. The Church is holy in her doctrine, in her faith, her sacraments, in the graces and charisms of the Holy Spirit, in her saints, martyrs, confessors and virgins, which she proposes to the faithful as models. The divine Founder of the Church willed to make holiness a distinctive note of the legitimate Church. And these are the words contained in the Apostles’ Creed on this subject: «I believe in the holy Catholic Church».

THE REVISION OF DOGMAS

The Profession of faith begins with the Nicene-Constantinople Symbol, followed by three paragraphs «intended to describe the truths of the Catholic faith» (Apostolic Letter, n. 2). In the first paragraph, as the "Doctrinal Note" indicates, «the intention is to affirm all the doctrines of the divine and Catholic faith proposed by the Church as divinely and formally revealed and, as such, irreformable.» (n. 5)

Nevertheless, Cardinal Ratzinger quite simply denies the infallible character of dogmas defined by the Councils that have followed the Eastern Schism!… In fact, he maintains that «a purely Western Council could never formulate a text […] having a Catholic ecclesial character since the Eastern Schism» (PCT, p. 137). The Council of Trent is very much devalued, because it has a "regional" character (p. 138) and is "polemical" into the bargain (p. 278). According to him, the effects of this Council are apparently so negative that «the revision of such texts is indispensable» (p. 138).

Now, it is absolutely false and heretical to maintain that dogmas defined by the Councils can be modified. In fact, in its canons on the Catholic faith, the First Vatican Council makes the following definition: «If anyone says that dogmas proposed by the Catholic Church may, depending on scientific progress, sometimes be seen to have a different meaning from that always understood by the Church, let him be anathema.» (chapter 4, n. 3)

Neither the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, nor the Pope, nor even another Council can contradict an already defined dogma of the faith, because it is marked as irreformable. According to Canon Law, which applies to all members of the Church, whoever they may be, to contradict a dogma of the faith is a heresy entailing an excommunication latæ sententiæ (can. 1364, § 1)

CONCLUSION

Ought we not to conclude, therefore, that according to the writings of Cardinal Ratzinger, he should be classed among the heretics, who are, according to Canon Law, excommunicated latæ sententiæ?… Furthermore, as theology teaches us, a heretic has lost the virtue of faith. An heretical theologian, therefore, can no longer be, nor call himself, a "Catholic" theologian!…

The crime of heretics is to corrupt the faith of the faithful, to poison minds. This crime is far more grave than that of poisoning bodies!… In his Summa Theologica, Saint Thomas Aquinas wrote an article entitled: Should heretics be tolerated? In answer to this question, he wrote, quoting Saint Jerome in particular, «Rotten flesh must be cut away and the scabby sheep hounded out of the sheepfold, for fear that the whole household, the whole mass, the whole body and the whole flock suffer, become corrupt, rot and perish. Arius of Alexandria was a spark, but because he was not immediately snuffed out, his flame devastated the whole globe.» (2-2, q.11, a.3)

Cardinal Ratzinger, therefore, does not merit the confidence placed in him!… On the contrary, should he not be classed among those who are «disguised as sheep, but are ravenous wolves within»? (Mt 7.15) The members of the Roman Curia should insist that the Pope "liberate" the Church as soon as possible from this heretical functionary who, despite appearances to the contrary, is incompetent for the function he exercises!… The plainest proof of this incompetence is the letter he addressed to all the bishops of the entire world, dated 29 September 1985, almost totally forbidding the practice of exorcism within the Church!… No directive of the Church has ever guaranteed the demons a greater protection and a greater freedom of action!

2 August 1998

A theologian



ADHUC SUB JUDICE LIS EST

RECAPITULATION OF OUR ROMAN PROCESS

The preceding pages underline the importance of the "Roman process" engaged in by our Father from the end of the Second Vatican Council and still not concluded. But today the case is before the highest tribunal of the Holy See, that of the Apostolic Signatura.

So it would be useful to recall in a few paragraphs the principal stages of this process and to consider the different possible outcomes. To do this, it will be necessary to go back a little while in time, albeit briefly, so that we may have a clearer view of the present situation.

The excellent video kindly produced by our Canadian phalangists with great alacrity – published along with the monthly conferences this November – will make this task all the easier, because it clearly demonstrates, with pictures as evidence, the implacable opposition between the true Catholic faith and the conciliar revolution. None of the sanctions, the protests and the current proceedings make any sense unless they are referred to the chasm opened up at the Second Vatican Council. It was from that moment that the immense authority of this Ecumenical Council – supported by two thousand four hundred bishops almost unanimously approving all its acts and declarations – stamped out with its enormous weight every form of resistance, no matter how wise or competent or holy such resistance might be, sweeping all objections before it and dismissing as "retrogrades" those who would dare to question the conciliar "gains".

The refusal of our Father to accept the conciliar novelties en masse and without examination resulted at that time in a canonical process, one which is almost identical to that which we are living through today, thirty years later, for the same reasons.

The first stage of this process was in 1966-1969. These first proceedings ended not in a sentence of acquittal or condemnation, but in a Notification. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith merely noted that such a «revolt against the magisterium and the hierarchy of the Church disqualified all the writings and actions of M. l’abbé de Nantes». In this context the word "disqualified" has no meaning; so it is logical to hold that no sanctions were taken by Rome.

The second stage of this Roman process (1996-1999?) is still in course. According to canon law, it should end in the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura pronouncing a sentence. So, up to now what have been the principal stages of the current process?

It is useful to recall them. There are three main parts: 1° a canonical precept from the Bishop of Troyes; 2° the sanction of interdict inflicted by the same; and 3° the confirmation of this sanction by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, or at least part of this sanction (see the table below).

THE DECREES OF ECCLESIASTICAL AUTHORITY

OUR CANONICAL RESPONSES

1.  Suspension inflicted by Mgr Le Couëdic
     (25 August 1966)
  Lettres à mes amis vol.IV, no 235, p.8
1.  Request that the suspension be cancelled or remitted
     (19 March 1997)
        CRC no 296, May 1997, p. 3
2.  Penal precept raised by Mgr Daucourt
     (9 May 1997)
             CRC no 297, June 1997, p. 5
2a. Request that the precept be revoked
      (13 May 1997)
           CRC no 297, June 1997. p. 6
2b. Hierarchical recourse against the precept
      (5 July 1997)
             CRC no 298, July 1997. p. 3
3.  Interdict inflicted by Mgr Daucourt
     (1 July 1997)
              CRC no 298, July 1997, p. 32
3a. Request that the interdict be revoked
      (4 July 1997)
             CRC no 298, July 1997, p. 33
3b. Hierarchical recourse against the interdict
      (23 July 1997)
          CRC no 300, September 1997, p. 3
4.  Letter-decree of the Congregation
     for the Doctrine of the Faith
     (24 March 1998)
        CRC no 308, April 1998, p. 1
4.  Libellus instituting the process before the
     Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
     (24 May 1998)
             Confidential document

The first act of the bishop, Mgr Daucourt, was to issue a penal precept, by virtue of his episcopal authority and of canons 49 and 1319. He imposed five demands on our Father, accompanied by the threat of an interdict should they not be followed.

Here are these categorical demands:

To stop accusing the Second Vatican Council, the Pope and the bishops in communion with him of heresy, schism and scandal; to stop provoking the faithful to contestation against the Holy See and the authority of the bishops; to cease publication of the CRC; to quit the direction of both the masculine and the feminine groups known under the name of the Little Brothers and Little Sisters of the Sacred Heart, and to reside somewhere other than Saint-Parres-lès-Vaudes; and finally: to bind himself to observe the suspension of 1966 wherever he might be in the diocese.

It is true that a bishop normally has full authority to give orders in his diocese, and he must be obeyed by all Catholics while they remain within the boundaries of his territory, unless these orders are improper, immoral or illicit. But, of course, it is not for the one to whom the orders are addressed to decide of himself that a violation of the law excuses him from obedience. It is for a superior authority or an ecclesiastical tribunal to declare whether or not he is right.

This is where canon law comes fully into play. It provides for a system of recourse, in three stages, which the faithful can use when they maintain that certain orders are illicit, in other words, that they ignore some law of the Church. These three stages are (in order): the bishop himself, a Roman congregation, and finally the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura.

It is very rare for priests or members of the faithful to present such recourses, mainly because canon law is something unknown and reserved only to a few specialists, but also because of the strict and very brief time limits in which the recourse must be presented: ten days or two weeks depending on the particular case. It is a condition sine qua non: one day late and it is not accepted.

In our case, on the day he received the precept, 9 May last year, our Father considered that it was impossible for him to follow these draconian orders, since they did not respect the law of the Church and did not take into account the circumstances. But above all, a matter that had been in the hands of Rome for the last thirty years, prudently managed and spoken of as little as possible so as not to create waves, could not be regulated by a simple "clumsy" decree of the local bishop.

So on the 20th May our Father presented to the bishop himself a request for revocation of this penal precept. This was the first stage of the recourse: to urge the selfsame authority that had imposed the contested act to revoke its decision. The bishop offered not the least reply to this request. Silence…

FROM TROYES TO ROME

But his precept had put the wheels of canon law in motion, and here everything is provided for, even silence. In fact canon law treats such silence as a denial of the recourse, and this automatically opens the way to the second stage, called a hierarchical recourse. So it was that on 5 July 1997 our Father asked the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith to pronounce on this precept. As it concerned doctrinal questions and opposition to the conciliar novelties, it was for Cardinal Ratzinger and his congregation to deal with the matter. So once again, the three books of accusation found their way back into the Vatican files, this time as documentary evidence.

Now, this recourse had not yet reached Rome when the bishop precipitately enacted a second decree, dated 1 July 1997. This time he renewed the suspension inflicted on our Father thirty years earlier, on 25 August 1966 (!), and imposed an interdict on him within the diocese of Troyes. This was the second main element of this whole affair, and still today it is like the sword of Damocles hanging over us all. The interdict was to come into immediate effect throughout the whole diocese, and among other things it meant that he would be debarred from receiving the sacraments and would no longer be able to say Mass at Maison Saint-Joseph. Unless, once again, the wheels of an administrative recourse were put into motion.

Against this new decree our Father therefore presented, on 4 July 97, a request for revocation followed by a second recourse to Cardinal Ratzinger, automatically entailing a suspensive effect. This is worth emphasising, for it is of capital importance. This suspensive effect, as the phrase indicates, keeps the sanction pending until every possible recourse is exhausted. If, after having followed the three stages provided for by canon law, the applicant does not win his case, the sanctions immediately regain their full force.

If today our Father can say Mass each morning with a clear conscience, it is due to this suspensive effect automatically granted by canon law, in canons 1736 and 1353. It makes one admire the goodness and wisdom of these immemorial ecclesiastical laws. It would indeed be absurd to put into effect a decision of a lesser authority while the superior authorities, duly apprised, have not definitively pronounced on its legitimacy.

After these two hierarchical recourses had been despatched (in July last year), there began a long anxious wait for a reply from the Roman congregation. This reply, which should normally be received within three months, eventually took nine months before it arrived, on 29 April last. But it had already been drawn up, well in advance! And we had already received reports of Mgr Daucourt returning from a visit to Rome and even of the Turin religious authorities having consulted Cardinal Ratzinger with regard to our pilgrimage. These reports were typified by phrases like: the appeal will not achieve anything, one cannot reply to a sophism (sic!), the suspension will be maintained, etc…

Number 308 of the CRC (April 1998) published the full text of this Roman decision. Here is its pronouncement:

«This Dicastery – after having attentively re-examined the complex and delicate question – has decided not to accept the aforesaid appeal and to confirm, for an indeterminate period of time, the measure of suspension "a divinis" adopted by you with regard to this priest.»

This is not the place to criticise such a decision. But one can at least say that this text is not clear and leaves several points obscure: does it intend to pronounce on both appeals (precept and interdict) or simply on one only? It appears to confirm the suspension, but it does not breathe a word about the interdict: is it therefore abrogated? As for the suspension, is it the old suspension of 1966 which has been extended, or is it a new sanction?

This lack of precision is unworthy of an administrative act emanating from a Roman congregation. Let us not forget that we are here at the second stage of our appeal, now lodged with Rome, and that it is a penal process, as sanctions have been inflicted. One would therefore expect a reply that was rather more serious, reasoned and canonical.

Moreover, this evasion makes it all too apparent that the signatories are uncomfortable about the substance of the case, and they try to distract attention away from the real issues. In formulating his sanctions Mgr Daucourt had committed the blunder of speaking about doctrinal questions, and even about «the religion of man who makes himself God in place of the authentic Catholic faith». But Cardinal Ratzinger and the other member Cardinals wanted to avoid the doctrinal questions about the Council and preferred instead to search out  new complaints amongst their anonymous depositions: complaints about the Eucharist and mystical theology. We are faced here with what administrative law calls a misapplication of authority, a key phrase worth remembering. The congregation abdicated its proper responsibilities, the very responsibilities for which it was created (doctrinal studies in defence of the faith), but it nevertheless confirmed the bishop’s sanction, alleging new reasons which had received no previous mention in the case. These flagrant illegalities justified an appeal and a passing to the third stage of the system of canonical recourses.

UNDER THE SECRECY OF THE TRIBUNAL

On 24 May last, the feast of Our Lady Help of Christians, our Father signed the libellus destined for the supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, in order to enter a process for the cancellation of the sanctions inflicted on him, that is the interdict and the suspension. It contained twenty-one pages, closely argued and bearing solely on the questions of legality, since the Tribunal is only competent to deal with the legality of the whole matter.

This libellus was not made public, for the simple reason that it may only be circulated between those who are party to the process. In fact the secretary of the Tribunal must, according to the rules, communicate it immediately to the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the Bishop of Troyes, so that they may each prepare their response. This is probably what is happening at this moment: the Congregation and the bishop are preparing their replies and their evidence.

From a canonical point of view, there is no difficulty in our having to wait patiently and letting the Roman consultors study the files, since, whichever way we look at it, the current situation (inluding the suspensive effect) is very favourable to us.

It was useful to remind ourselves today of the importance of this process. The definitive sentence of the Tribunal will tell us whether the sanctions have been annulled or else whether they will begin to produce their effects. We should make this one of our prayer intentions… Adhuc sub judice lis est (the process is still before the judges).